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Contemporary American Conservatism in Historical Perspective: A Comparative Analysis of the Conservative Political Discourse in 1960-1980 and 2011-2020
Sedláčková, Jolana ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
This thesis investigates the indicators of a conservative backlash in presidential campaign discourse by contrasting the conservative rhetoric of 1960-1980 with that of 2011-2020. Grounded in a theoretical framework of Backlash Politics, the thesis examines the rise of conservatism in the 1960s and 1970s and its resurgence in the twenty-first century through the lens of a Critical Discourse Analysis. Through an analysis of conservative presidential candidates' public statements in the periods 1960-1980 and 2011-2020, the thesis explores the resurgence of American conservatism by identifying enduring themes in conservative discourse. The dominant themes in conservative discourse, such as individual liberties, limited government, free market principles, traditional family values, and national security concerns, are scrutinized to identify similarities as well as differences between the 20th and the 21st-century discourse. By examining campaign press releases and statements issued during the presidential campaign by five conservative presidential candidates from each period, the thesis reveals the employed factors of Backlash Politics. The conservative political discourse in 1960-1980 grieved for the return to the founding principles and calls for institutional reshaping to prevent an authoritative...
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Populism as a discursive strategy: an analysis of the communication of selected populist actors in the Czech political arena
Křovák, Jan ; Charvát, Jakub (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee)
This paper analyses the concept of populism as a discursive strategy. Therefore, it uses the view of populist discourse as discussed by Ernesto Laclau and other authors in their works. The author analyses the communication practices of four selected Czech political actors on social networks (Facebook and Twitter) in the period before the elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic in October 2021. For the analysis, the author chose representatives who are commonly labelled as populists, i.e. former Prime Minister Andrej Babiš, far-right populists, i.e. Tomio Okamura, and then two politicians representing mainstream parties - Markéta Pekarová Adamová from TOP 09 and Vít Rakušan from STAN. In the theoretical part, the author describes in depth the phenomenon of populism on the basis of expert literature, and in a comprehensive way points out the relationship between populism, social networks, media and political communication. In the practical part, the author conducted a so-called critical discursive analysis of posts of the politicians on the above-mentioned social media and then compared their dominant communication practices. The author then places the data and results of the research in context of the populist narrative described in the theoretical part of the thesis.
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No (geo)politics, just altruism: an analysis of the discourses by Serbia's political elite on the successful procurement of COVID-19 vaccines
Harmens, Hans Zdravko ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Styczyńska, Natasza (referee)
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Serbian government procured COVID-19 vaccines before some of the more prosperous EU Member States could. From the Serbian government's perspective, this success was attributed to its "pragmatic" and "rational" policies. In essence, it leveraged competing geopolitical interests that the Serbian government has benefitted from. Nonetheless, it is through these geopolitical games that Serbia and its political elite have created a narrative that portrays Serbia as a bridge between the West and East. In light of this, this research seeks to understand to what extent these geopolitical discourses were incorporated into the discourses of Serbia's political elite and their transmission in the publications of Danas and Politika.
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Echoing political ideologies? A Critical Discourse Analysis of the 'Os Pingos nos Is' Coverage during the 2022 Brazilian Elections
Campolina Rebello Guerrero, Daniela ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Němcová Tejkalová, Alice (referee)
The importance of ideology and political discourse in driving voting behavior in democratic societies has become a central concern in research. In this context, journalism plays a critical role in how electoral information and ideological positions are disseminated and shape public opinion. Given polarization tendencies in countries like Brazil which undermine the legitimacy of the electoral process, the role of journalism in democratic societies has been increasingly put into question. Especially during political elections, where people rely on information to make informed decisions, the discursive power of journalistic content holds the potential to affect people's voting choices. This thesis, therefore, aims to investigate the ideological positions conveyed in Jovem Pan's show 'Os Pingos nos Is' during Brazil's 2022 presidential runoff campaign. The research adopts a qualitative approach and uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to analyze five selected videos from the show on YouTube, focusing on the dominant discourses and themes. The study reveals that the show took a pro- Bolsonaro stance, displaying strong ideological polarization. The discourse featured beliefs in electoral fraud and attempted to undermine the legitimacy of the electoral process by verbally attacking Brazilian...
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Colonial thinking of Czech travellers at the juncture of teh 19th and 20th centuries
Rychnovská, Anna ; Soukup, Martin (advisor) ; Maňák, Vratislav (referee)
The subject of this diploma thesis is to look at the journalistic work of Czech travelers at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries through postcolonial theory, using the example of orientalist Alois Musil. It draws primarily on the psychoanalytic reflections of Frantz Fanon, the essays of Aimé Césaire, and Edward W. Said's conception of orientalism. The subject of the thesis is also to look at Czechoslovakia's "colonialism without colonies", especially through two theories: the non-colonial orientalism of Sara Lemmen and the colonial exceptionalism of Filip Herza. The intention of the thesis is also to mention the history of Czechoslovak colonialism, which forms the context of Musil's work, and to summarize research that focuses on the Czechoslovak image of colonies and the colonized. These serve, among other things, as a point of comparison with the results of the analysis of this thesis. The main aim of the thesis is to find out whether Alois Musil's journalistic work contains stereotypes of colonial thinking, or what specific stereotypes are involved. Critical discourse analysis is used to analyze Alois Musil's newspaper articles, with the aim of critically focusing on the power relations in society that both shape and are shaped by discourse. The aim is to highlight the limiting meanings of...
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Nation-building in independent Kazakhstan under Nursultan Nazarbayev
Dědák, Jan ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The author of this thesis deals with building the national identity of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the leadership of President Nursultan Nazarbayev. President Nazarbayev ruled Kazakhstan autocratically for almost thirty years. One of the main goals of his policy was to build a strong national identity that would ensure the stability of the Nazarbayev regime in the ethnically and religiously diverse region of Central Asia, i.e. the continuation of his legacy. This work is a discursive analysis of selected speeches of the president across his entire administration. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the concept of discourse and describes the used methods of discursive analysis. It also defines national identity and the role of discourse in its construction based on the sedimentation model of national identity. One section of the theoretical part is devoted to the current research of Nazarbayev's discourse. In the analytical part of the thesis, specific speeches of the president are examined. In them, Nazarbayev describes and presents his vision and strategy for the development of Kazakhstan, while dealing with the topic of national identity. Discursive analysis always describes the political-social context of the speech, including the situation in international relations, and then...
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Energy security of Brazil in the context of climate change
Vaněčková, Jana ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Svobodová, Petra (referee)
The following thesis examines the discourse of energy security in Brazil through a critical discursive analysis. The construction of energy discourse is illustrated through the speeches of two presidents and simultaneously two presidential candidates in the October 2022 elections, Jair Bolsonaro and Lula da Silva, in order to reveal hidden patterns and relationships. The relevance of the Amazon region for energy security in the context of climate change, the securitization of the energy sector, the important regions of Brazil in terms of energy security, the importance of hydropower and, in general, the way energy security is constructed by the official discourse, i.e., by the Brazilian government, are identified. The time frame for the analysis is the period from 2002 to 2022. The analysis of the discourses reveals that the Northeast and the North are particularly important regions for energy security. According to the results of the analysis, securitisation of the energy sector is not occurring, but it is a politicised issue used as a tool in international and social politics. However, environmental securitization in Lula's discourse is taking place. The analysis also shows that energy security is threatened by insufficient infrastructure for both presidents and high energy prices for Bolsonaro....
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Not True, but Could Be: Fake News in Current Czech Media
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Barbora
This diploma thesis deals with the phenomenon of fake news and disinformation mainly in the Czech media space, especially on Czech disinformation websites or social networks. The thesis will outline the issues surrounding the notion of fake news and its resolution within democratic regimes. Fake news and misinformation, with particular reference to 'gender ideology', the Istanbul Convention and racist narratives, will be viewed through the prism of intersectional feminism. Using specific visual and textual examples from disinformation websites, it will give examples and use the method of critical discourse analysis to show how the media in question work with text and visual elements and what discursive frames they communicate. The thesis maps the narratives of disinformation websites with respect to contemporary Czech political discourse.
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